PARENT substances
Chlorpromazine
INDICATIONS
Acute and chronic psychosis, particularly if accompanied by increased psychomotor activity. Nausea and vomiting. Stubborn hiccup. Praoperatif sedation. The use of unofficial: migraine headache
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS. Inhibiting activity has a significant anticholinergic and alfaadrenergik. Therapeutic effect: reducing the signs and symptoms of psychosis, reduce nausea and vomiting, control of stubborn hiccup.
Pharmacokinetic
Aborpsi: Absorption after oral administration varies. Well absorbed after administration of AM.
Distribution: Distribute widely, a high concentration in the CNS through the placenta and into breast milk.
Metabolism and Excretion: mainly metabolized by the liver and GI mucosa. Converted into several compounds that have antipsychotic activity.
Part time: 30 hours
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, Tardif dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Eye and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens
CV: hypotension, tachycardia
GI: constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatiti
GU: routine retention
Derm: rash, fotosensitivitas, pigment changes
Save: agranulocytosis, leucopenia
Metab: hipertemia
Other: allergic reactions
TIORIDAZIN
Apo-Thioridazine {}, mellaril, mellaril s, Novo-Radazine {}, {PMS Thioridazine}
CLASSIFICATION:
Antipsychotic (fonotiazin)
Pregnancy Category Unknown
INDICATIONS
Treatment of chronic acute psychosis. Management of depression / anxiety. Handling severe behavior problems in children.
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS
Has anticholinergic activity and significant alpha adrenergic inhibitors. Therapeutic Effects: Decreased signs symptoms of psychosis.
FARMAKONETIK
Absorption: Absorption of the tablet varies; absorption will be better than oral liquid formulations.
Distribution: Distribute widely, a high concentration in the CNS. Penetrate the placenta and breast milk memasuku
Metabolism and Excretion: metabolized by the liver and GI mucosa
Part Time: Unknown.
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: Sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, Tardif dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Eye and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens.
CV: hypotension, tachycardia.
GI: Constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatitis.
GU: urinary retention.
Derm: rash, fotosensivitas, changes in pigmentation.
Endo: galactorrhea
Save: agranulocytosis. Leucopenia.
Metab: Hyperthermia.
Other: Allergic reaction.
TIORIDAZIN
Apo-Thioridazine {}, mellaril, mellaril s, Novo-Radazine {}, {PMS Thioridazine}
CLASSIFICATION:
Antipsychotic (fonotiazin
Pregnancy Category Unknown
INDICATIONS
Treatment of chronic acute psychosis. Management of depression / anxiety. Handling severe behavior problems in children.
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS
Has anticholinergic activity and significant alpha adrenergic inhibitors. Therapeutic Effects: Decreased signs symptoms of psychosis.
FARMAKONETIK
Absorption: Absorption of the tablet varies; absorption will be better than oral liquid formulations.
Distribution: Distribute widely, a high concentration in the CNS. Penetrate the placenta and breast milk memasuku
Metabolism and Excretion: metabolized by the liver and GI mucosa
Part Time: Unknown.
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: Sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, Tardif dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Eye and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens.
CV: hypotension, tachycardia.
GI: Constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatitis.
GU: urinary retention.
Derm: rash, fotosensivitas, changes in pigmentation.
Endo: galactorrhea.
Save: agranulocytosis. Leucopenia.
Metab: Hyperthermia.
Other: Allergic reaction.
(apo-haloperidol), haldol, haldol decanoate, (haldol L.A)
INDICATIONS
Treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. Used to control Tourette disease and severe behavior problems in children
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS. Also has anticholinergic activity and inhibit alpha adrenergic
Side effects: reducing the signs and symptoms of psychosis
Pharmacokinetic
Absorption: well absorbed after oral administration and IM. Salt dekanoat absorbed slowly and have a long duration of action
Distribution: the distribution is not fully known. High concentrations in the liver through the placenta. Enters breast milk
Metabolism and Excretion: primarily metabolized by the liver
Half life: 21-24 hours
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, Tardif dyskinesia, anxiety, confusion, seizures
Eye and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision
Resp: respiratory depression
CV: hypotension, tachycardia
GI: constipation, ileus, anorexia, dry mouth, hepatitis
GU: urinary retention
Derm: rash, fotosensitivitas, diaphoresis
Endo: galactorrhea
Save: anemia, leucopenia
Metab: hiperpireksia
Other: hypersensitivity reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Apo-Thioridazine {}, mellaril, mellaril s, Novo-Radazine {}, {PMS Thioridazine}
CLASSIFICATION:
Antipsychotic (fonotiazin
Pregnancy Category Unknown
INDICATIONS
Treatment of chronic acute psychosis. Management of depression / anxiety. Handling severe behavior problems in children.
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS
Has anticholinergic activity and significant alpha adrenergic inhibitors. Therapeutic Effects: Decreased signs symptoms of psychosis.
FARMAKONETIK
Absorption: Absorption of the tablet varies; absorption will be better than oral liquid formulations.
Distribution: Distribute widely, a high concentration in the CNS. Penetrate the placenta and breast milk memasuku
Metabolism and Excretion: metabolized by the liver and GI mucosa
Part Time: Unknown.
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: Sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, Tardif dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Eye and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens.
CV: hypotension, tachycardia.
GI: Constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatitis.
GU: urinary retention.
Derm: rash, fotosensivitas, changes in pigmentation.
Endo: galactorrhea.
Save: agranulocytosis. Leucopenia.
Metab: Hyperthermia.
Other: Allergic reaction.
HALOPERIDOL
(apo-haloperidol), haldol, haldol decanoate, (haldol L.A)CLASSIFICATION
Antipsychotic (butirofenon)
Pregnancy category C (only salt dekanoat wrote, others unknown)
Antipsychotic (butirofenon)
Pregnancy category C (only salt dekanoat wrote, others unknown)
INDICATIONS
Treatment of acute and chronic psychosis. Used to control Tourette disease and severe behavior problems in children
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS. Also has anticholinergic activity and inhibit alpha adrenergic
Side effects: reducing the signs and symptoms of psychosis
Pharmacokinetic
Absorption: well absorbed after oral administration and IM. Salt dekanoat absorbed slowly and have a long duration of action
Distribution: the distribution is not fully known. High concentrations in the liver through the placenta. Enters breast milk
Metabolism and Excretion: primarily metabolized by the liver
Half life: 21-24 hours
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, Tardif dyskinesia, anxiety, confusion, seizures
Eye and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision
Resp: respiratory depression
CV: hypotension, tachycardia
GI: constipation, ileus, anorexia, dry mouth, hepatitis
GU: urinary retention
Derm: rash, fotosensitivitas, diaphoresis
Endo: galactorrhea
Save: anemia, leucopenia
Metab: hiperpireksia
Other: hypersensitivity reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
FLUFENAZIN
(Apo-flufenazin), (modicare), (moditen), permitil, prolixin
CLASSIFICATION:Antipsychotics (phenothiazines)
Pregnancy Category unknown
INDICATIONS
Treatment of acute and chronic psychosis
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS. Has anticholinergic activity and alpha adrenergic inhibitors
Therapeutic effect: decrease in signs and symptoms of psychosis
Pharmacokinetic
Absorption: well absorbed after oral administration and IM. Salt dekanoat and enanthate in oil awitan wijwn slow and prolong the action due to delays in the release of a carrier oil and further delay the release of fatty tissue
Distribution: widespread distribution. Penetrate the blood brain barrier. Penetrate the placenta and enter breast milk
Metabolism and excretion: a massive metabolized by the liver, have enterohepatic recirculation
Half life: flufenazin hydrochloride -4.7 -15.3 hours; flufenazin enanthate -3.7 days; flufenazin dekanoat - 6.8 to 9.6 days
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, dyskinesia tardif.mata and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens
CV: hypotension, tachycardia
GI: constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatitis
GU: routine retention
Derm: rash, fotosensitivitas, pigment changes
Endo: galactorrhea
Save: angranulositosis, leucopenia
Other: allergic reactions, hyperthermia
DROPERIDOL (Inapsine)
Tranquilizer (butirofenon), antiemetik (butirofenon)
Kategori Kehamilan C
CLASSIFICATION:
Antipsychotics (phenothiazines)
Pregnancy Category unknown
INDICATIONS
Treatment of acute and chronic psychosis
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS. Has anticholinergic activity and alpha adrenergic inhibitors
Therapeutic effect: decrease in signs and symptoms of psychosis
Pharmacokinetic
Absorption: well absorbed after oral administration and IM. Salt dekanoat and enanthate in oil awitan wijwn slow and prolong the action due to delays in the release of a carrier oil and further delay the release of fatty tissue
Distribution: widespread distribution. Penetrate the blood brain barrier. Penetrate the placenta and enter breast milk
Metabolism and excretion: a massive metabolized by the liver, have enterohepatic recirculation
Half life: flufenazin hydrochloride -4.7 -15.3 hours; flufenazin enanthate -3.7 days; flufenazin dekanoat - 6.8 to 9.6 days
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, dyskinesia tardif.mata and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens
CV: hypotension, tachycardia
GI: constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatitis
GU: routine retention
Derm: rash, fotosensitivitas, pigment changes
Endo: galactorrhea
Save: angranulositosis, leucopenia
Other: allergic reactions, hyperthermia
Antipsychotics (phenothiazines)
Pregnancy Category unknown
INDICATIONS
Treatment of acute and chronic psychosis
WORK DRUG
Changing effects of dopamine in the CNS. Has anticholinergic activity and alpha adrenergic inhibitors
Therapeutic effect: decrease in signs and symptoms of psychosis
Pharmacokinetic
Absorption: well absorbed after oral administration and IM. Salt dekanoat and enanthate in oil awitan wijwn slow and prolong the action due to delays in the release of a carrier oil and further delay the release of fatty tissue
Distribution: widespread distribution. Penetrate the blood brain barrier. Penetrate the placenta and enter breast milk
Metabolism and excretion: a massive metabolized by the liver, have enterohepatic recirculation
Half life: flufenazin hydrochloride -4.7 -15.3 hours; flufenazin enanthate -3.7 days; flufenazin dekanoat - 6.8 to 9.6 days
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: sedation, extrapyramidal reactions, dyskinesia tardif.mata and ENT: dry eyes, blurred vision, cloudy lens
CV: hypotension, tachycardia
GI: constipation, dry mouth, ileus, anorexia, hepatitis
GU: routine retention
Derm: rash, fotosensitivitas, pigment changes
Endo: galactorrhea
Save: angranulositosis, leucopenia
Other: allergic reactions, hyperthermia
Devirat-difenilbutilpiperidin derived from droperidol (1996) antipsikotis efficacy strong and long. Used in chronic jangja psikose long. Side effects of common, visible changes in the heart (ECG) and atrima. Dose: 1-2 mg orally 1 dd, dinaiikan gradually every 2 weeks up to a maximum of 6 mg daily.
Penfluridol (semap): piperidine derivatives (1971) with working very long (ca 7 days) and efficacious antidopaminergis strong. The effect relatively quickly, after 1-2 days. GEP is common. The dose: 10-20 mg 1 x week was gradually increased to a maximum of 60 mg per week.
Fluspirilen (IMAP): devirat piperidine long acting should be given parenteral im 1 x week 10-10 mg.
Sulpirida: Dogmatil
Devirat atypis sulfamoy as the first drug (1968) has the power of anti-dopamine. At low doses (200-600 mg daily). The drug is used for handling negative simton and fitted dose above 800 is used as psikotikum. Dose: orally beginning 1 dd 200 mg, after 3 days was gradually increased to 200 mg 3-4 dd. At dizziness (vertigo) 150-300 mg daily im 200-300 mg daily for 10 days.
ADDITIONAL DRUGS
Lithium
Se as if there are additional components and has the effect of reduced affective psikose symptoms, anxiety and improving social contacts.
Antidepresiva
trisiklis antikolinergis can enhance the effect, such as ileus paralytis and delirium.
Karbamazepinuseful as an adj uvant when there is great anxiety and behavior disorders. This epiiepsi drug lowered blood levels antipsikosa DIAZEPAN
(apo-diazepam), (diazemuls), (NOVODIPAM), t-Quil, valium, valrelease, vazeparm, (vivol), zetran
Sedative / hypnotics (benzodiazepines), anticonvulsants (benzodiazepines), relaxant auto order (central action)
Schedule IV
Pregnancy Category D
INDICATIONS
Management of anxiety. Praoperatif sedation, light anesthesia, amnesia, treatment of status epilepticus, skeletal muscle relaxants, the handling of alcohol withdrawal symptoms
The use of unofficial: rectal, control seizures
WORK DRUG
Pressing the CNS. Possible with gamma acid mempotensialkan aminobutirat (GABA), an inhibitor neurotransmitter. Produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting jaras polisinaptik spinal afferent, have anticonvulsant properties due to the strengthening of pre-synaptic inhibition
Therapeutic effect: produce anxiety, sedation, amnesia, muscle relaxation order, stop the seizure activity.
Pharmacokinetic
Absorption: rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. Absorption of IM injection site is slow and unpredictable. Also absorbed from the rectal mucosa.
Distribution: widespread distribution. Penetrate the blood brain barrier. Penetrate the placenta and into breast milk.
Metabolism and excretion: mainly metabolized by the liver. Some products are metabolically active as a CNS depressant
Half life: 20-70 hours
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND SIDE EFFECTS
CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, paradoxical excitation, mental depression, headaches
CV: hypotension (only IV)
Derm: rash
Eye and ENT: blurred vision
GI: nausea, raw, diarrhea, constipation
Local: venous thrombosis, phlebitis (IV)
Resp: respiratory depression
Other: tolerance, psychological dependence, physical dependence.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA : Tjay, Tan Hoon dan Kirana, Raharja.2002.Obat-obat Penting,Khasiat,Penggunaan dan Efek-efek Sampingnya.Jakarta : PT Elex Media Komputindo Kelompok Gremedia.
Hopfer deglin.judith dan hazard vallerand,April.2004.pedoman obat untuk perawat edisi 4.jakarta:EGC
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